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Margate before Sea bathing: 1300 to 1736
Anthony Lee
References
Introduction
1 Lucy Toulmin (Ed.), The Itinerary of John Leland in or about the Years 1535-1543, Vol IV, 1964.
2 E. S. de Beer (Ed.), The Diary of John Evelyn, Vol III, Oxford, 1955.
3 Seventh report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, p 204a, 1879.
4 Daniel Defoe, Curious and diverting journies through the whole island of Great Britain, 1734.
5 John Lewis, The history and antiquities ecclesiastical and civil of the Isle of Tenet in Kent, 1st ed., London, 1723
6 Edward Hasted, History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent, Vol 10, 1800.
7 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Willaerts.
8 Arthur Rowe, The origin and decadence of the creek and the brooks at Margate, Margate Public Library, manuscript Y06005.
9 Mick Twyman and Alf Beeching, The old Tudor house at Margate, Margate Historical Society, 2006.
10 George Saville Carey, The Balnea: or, an impartial description of all the popular watering places in England, London, 1799
11 A new description of Kent divided into fyve lathes ther of and subdivided into baylywiekes and hundredes, with the parishe churches conteyned within every of the same hundreds, By the travayle of Phil. Symonson, of Rochester gent, Engraven by Charles Whitwell.
12 Arthur Rowe, The streets of Margate in 1800, Vol 2, Margate Public Library, manuscript Y060.182.
13 Kent Archives, R/U774/T443, Title deeds of land near the Dane.
14 Arthur Rowe, Notes on the History of Margate, Margate Public Library, manuscript.
15 Parish of St Johns, Overseer’s Rates. Canterbury Cathedral Archives U3/140/5/1, U3/140/11/2.
16 John Lyon, The history of the town and port of Dover, Dover, 1813.
17 Samuel Jeake, Charters of the Cinque Ports, Two Ancient Towns and their Members, London, 1728.
18 John Harris, The History of Kent, London, 1719.
19 Felix Hull (Ed.), A calendar of the White and Black books of the Cinque Ports, 1432-1955, Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, 1966.
20 Calendar of State Papers, Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Vol 4, Part III, 1529-30.
21 Archaelogical notes on Thanet, Archaeologia Cantiana, 12, 329-419, 1878.
22 Carolyn C. Fenwick, The Poll taxes of 1377, 1379 and 1381, Part 3, Cambridge University press, 2005.
23 Margaret Bolton, The Isle of Thanet, Lulu.com, 2006.
24 J. M. Gibson, The 1566 survey of the Kent coast, Archaeologia Cantiana, 112, 341-353, 1994.
25 Arthur Hussey, Visitations of the Archdeacon of Canterbury: St John’s in Thanet (Margate), Archaeologia Cantiana, 26, 17-50, 1904.
26 R. K. I. Quested, The Isle of Thanet Farming Community, 2nd ed., 2001.
27 W. Benham, A study of an old parish register, Macmillan’s magazine, 43, 190-200, Nov 1880-April 1881.
28 W. E. Tate, The Parish Chest, Cambridge University Press, 3rd ed., 1969.
29 Gentleman’s Magazine, p 447, October 1781.
30 Jacqueline Bower, Kent Towns, 1540-1640, in Early Modern Kent: 1540-1640, Michael Zell (Ed.), Boydell Press, 2000.
31 Mary Dobson, Population 1640-1831, in The Economy of Kent, 1640-1914, Alan Armstrong (Ed.), Boydell Press, 1995
32 Alan Armstrong (Ed.), The Economy of Kent, 1640-1914, Appendix IIIA, Boydell Press, 1995.
33 Newcastle Courant, November 17 1739.
34 Kentish Post, June 26 1736.
Chapter 1 The Town
1 John Lewis, The History and antiquities ecclesiastical and civil, of the Isle of Tenet, in Kent, 1st ed., London, 1723.
2 John Lewis, The History and antiquities as well ecclesiastical as civil, of the Isle of Tenet, in Kent, 2nd ed., London, 1736.
3 John H, Andrews, The Thanet Seaports, 1650-1760, in Essays in Kentish History, Margaret Roake and John Whyman (Eds.), 1973.
4 Mick Twyman and Alf Beeching, Piering into the past – storms and some thoughts on the Turner Centre, Bygone Margate, Vol 9, No. 2, pp 16-24.
5 Charles Cotton, The Church of St John the Baptist, Margate, Archaeologica cantiana, 25, 64-74, 1902.
6 A description of England and Wales containing a particular account of each county, Newbery and Carnan, London, 1769.
7 Arthur Hussey, Visitations of the Archdeacon of Canterbury: St John’s in Thanet (Margate), Archaeologia Cantiana, 26, 17-50, 1904.
8 Daily Journal, May 20 1723.
9 D. R. J. Perkins, Jutish glass production in Kent, Archaeologia Cantiana, 120, 297-310, 2000.
10 George Saville Carey, The Balnea: or, an impartial description of all the popular watering places in England, London, 1799.
11 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, William and Mary, July 4 1691.
12 Public Advertiser, September 1 1766.
13 A description of the Isle of Thanet, 1765.
14 Z. Cozens, A Tour through the Isle of Thanet, J. Nichols, London, 1793.
15 Peter J. Hills, Dane Court, St Peter’s in Thanet, 1972.
16 Acts of the Privy Council of England, Vol 3 1550-1552, 21 February 1551.
17 John Cheesman Norwood, A Kentish Descent, The Gentleman’s Magazine, 288, 320-339, 1900.
18 Arthur English, A Dictionary of words and phrases used in ancient and modern law, Vol 2, Washington, 1898.
19 Arthur Rowe, Margate Public Library, manuscripts, Deeds of 47 and 49 High Street.
20 A new description of Kent divided into fyve lathes ther of and subdivided into baylywiekes and hundredes, with the parishe churches conteyned within every of the same hundreds, By the travayle of Phil. Symonson, of Rochester gent, Engraven by Charles Whitwell.
21 Jenny West, The Windmills of Kent, Charles Skilton, London, 1973.
22 London Evening Post, November 2 1732.
23 Irene Josephine Churchill (Ed.), East Kent Records, Kent Archaeological Society, Vol 7, pps 47, 48,1922.
24 Arthur Rowe, The streets of Margate in 1800, Vols 1 and 2, Margate Public Library, manuscript Y060.182.
25 Arthur Rowe, Margate Public Library, manuscript, Deeds 125 High Street, Y060.188B.
26 Kentish Post, February 3 1733.
27 Peter Brimblecombe, The Big Smoke: A history of air pollution in London, Methuen & Co., London, 1987.
28 Arthur Rowe, Margate Public Library, manuscripts, Deeds relating to property on north side of Mill Lane, Y060.182.
29 Kent Archives, R/U1063/T39B, Deeds of Dean Chapel and windmill.
30 Arthur Rowe, Notes on the History of Margate, Margate Public Library, manuscript.
31 Canterbury Journal, September 1 1772.
32 Public Advertiser, September 1 1766.
33 Kent Archives, U1453/T2B, Cobbs Brewery Yard Deeds.
34 Edward White, List of Deputies and Pier Wardens, Margate Public Library manuscripts.
35 Arthur Rowe, Accounts of the Poor House 1666 to 1716, Margate Public Library, manuscript, Y060.755.
36 Kent Archives, R/U20/T4, Deeds of Jumble house Church Hill.
37 Isle of Thanet Directory and Guide, Hutchings and Crowsley, 1883-4.
38 Kent Archives, R/U774/T457B Deeds at Church Hill.
39 Arthur Rowe, Accounts of the Poor House 1716 to 1733, Margate Public Library, manuscript, Y060.755.
40 Kent Archives, R/U774/T457A, Dixon High Street deeds.
41 Arthur Rowe, Margate Public Library, manuscripts, Deeds Covells Row, Y060.188.
42 Arthur Rowe, Margate Public Library, manuscripts, Deeds 122 High Street, Y060.188.
43 Arthur Rowe, Margate Public Library, manuscripts, Deeds 106A and 106B High Street, Prince of Wales’ yard, Y060.188.
44 Arthur Rowe, Margate Public Library, manuscripts, Deeds of 98, 100, 102 High Street, Y060.188.
45 Kent Archives, U1453/T6, Deeds of the Fountain.
46 Kent Archives, U1453/T8, Foley House Deeds.
47 Arthur Rowe, Margate Public Library, manuscripts, Abstract of deeds for Pump Lane, Y060.188.
48 Kent Archives, U1453/T2C, Cobb Brewery Yard Deeds; translation from http://theme.wordpress.com/credits/thingsturnup.wordpress.com/.
49 Kent Archives, U1453/T2B, Cobb Brewery Yard Deeds.
50 Kent Archives, U1453/T2F, Garden and offices at back of Dwelling House.
51 Kent Archives, R/U45/No 62, Margate Pier Accounts 1678 to 1724.
52 Morning Post, August 28 1805.
53 Kentish Gazette, October 5 1810.
54 Kent Archives, R/U1063/E1, Charles James Fox’s Land, malthouse and land near the Fort Green, map surveyor I. Hodskinson, 1774.
55 Mick Twyman and Alf Beeching, The Old Tudor House at Margate, Margate Historical Society, 2006.
56 Kent Archives, U1453/T2D, Brewery Road deeds.
57 Kent Archives, R/U774/T443, Deeds for Lucas Dane.
58 Alan Everitt, The marketing of agricultural produce, in The agrarian history of England and Wales, Joan Thirsk (Ed.), Cambridge University Press, Vol 4, 1967.
59 Kent Archives, R/U774/T525, Deeds for Lombard Street.
60 Kent Archives, R/U696/T4, Deeds for Queens Arms.
61 Kent Archives, R/U696/O5, Waterhouse Solicitors Collection, Margate Pier, letters 1755-1779.
62 Arthur Rowe, Margate Public Library, manuscripts, Deeds Broad Street, Y060.182.
63 Kent Archives, R/U58/T1, Deeds of Puddle Dock.
64 Kent Archives, R/U696/T1a, Deeds Old Kings Arms.
65 Nigel Barker, Allan Brodie, Nick Dermott, Lucy Jessop and Gary Winter, Margate’s Seaside Heritage, English Heritage, 2007.
66 Arthur Rowe, Margate Public Library, manuscripts, Deeds Lombard Street, Y060.188.
67 Kent Archives, R/U20/T19, Deeds of Lombard Street.
68 National Archives, PROB 11 382.186, will of John Glover.
69 National Archives, Court of Chancery C 11/2754/19 and C 11/9/29, Spooner v Glover.
70 C. I. Elton, The tenures of Kent, John Parker, London, 1867.
71 Anna Glover, Glover memorials and genealogies - An account of John Glover of Dorchester, Boston, 1867.
72 E. S. de Beer (Ed.), The Diary of John Evelyn, Vol III, Oxford, 1955.
73 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, 1677-1678. Vol 19, Mar 1677-Feb 1678, November 27 1677.
74 Applebee’s Original Weekly Journal, November 12 1720.
75 London Gazette, May 25 1717.
76 National Archives, PROB 11/788, will of Stephen Baker 1 Oct 1739.
77 National Archives, PROB 11/914, will of Elizabeth Baker May 19 1764.
78 Gazetteer and New Daily Advertiser, February 28 1766.
79 Kentish Gazette, August 3 1768.
80 Parker’s General Advertiser and Morning Intelligencer, July 3 1782.
81 Malcolm Morley, Margate and its Theatres, Museum Press, London, 1966.
82 The Times, July 6 1791.
83 Kentish Chronicle, June 24 1791.
84 Kentish Gazette, July 19 1796.
85 William Cortez Abbott, The writings and speeches of Oliver Cromwell. Vol 4, The Protectorate, 1655-1658.
86 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Interregnum, Vol 11, June 1657-April 1658, April 22 1658.
87 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Interregnum, Vol 13, July 1659-May 1660, January 28 1660.
88 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 3, 1669-1672, Entry Book January 9 1672.
89 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 4, 1672-1675, Entry Book January 13 1675.
90 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 5, 1676-1679, Entry Book June 15 1676.
91 Susan E. Whyman, Postal censorship in England 1635-1844, a paper delivered at the Censorship Conference at the Centre for the Study of the Book, Princeton University, 2003, web.princeton.edu/sites.
92 Peter Fraser, The intelligence of the secretaries of state and their monopoly of licensed news 1660-1688, Cambridge University Press, 1956.
93 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, 1671-1672, Vol 12, May 10, 11 1672.
94 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, 1672-1673, Vol 14, November 12 1672.
95 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Addenda 1660-1685, Vol 28, undated 1675.
96 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, 1673-1675, Vol 16, February 12 1675.
97 Ralph F. Chambers, The Strict Baptist Chapels of England. Vol III, the Chapels of Kent.
98 Joseph Ivimey, History of the English Baptists, Vol 4, 1830.
99 Taylor, John, The honorable, and memorable foundations, erections, raisings, and ruines, of divers cities, townes, castles, and other pieces of antiquitie, within ten shires and counties of this kingdome, Printed for Henry Gosson, London 1636.
100 National Archives, WO/30/48, Abstract of a particular account of all the inns, alehouses (etc.) in England with their Stable Room and Bedding in the year 1686.
101 National Archives, WO/30/49, Inns and alehouses, 1756.
102 Kentish Post, June 26 1736.
103 Kentish Post, June 20 1753.
104 Kentish Post, December 3 1729.
105 Brian Austen, English provincial posts, Phillimore, 1978.
106 A new journey to France with an exact description of the sea-coast from London to Calais, J. Baker, London, 1715.
107 Mr Oldmixon, The History of England during the reigns of King William and Queen Mary, Queen Anne, King George I, London, 1735.
108 Calendar of Treasury Books 1660-1667, Vol 11, January 30 1697 .
109 London Evening Post, July 7 1737.
110 Kentish Post, February 14 1747.
111 General Advertiser, May 26, 1747.
112 Kentish Post, December 19 1747.
113 Kentish Post, April 19 1760.
114 Kentish Post, May 28 1760.
115 Kentish Post, July 29 1761.
116 Kentish Post, December 26 1747.
117 Kentish Post, April 28 1750.
118 Kentish Post, March 7 1759.
119 Kentish Gazette, January 2 1770.
120 Kentish Gazette, April 23 1774.
121 Kentish Post, May 28 1760.
122 Kentish Gazette, July 16 1768.
123 Kentish Gazette, May 3 1769.
124 Kentish Gazette, March 10 1770.
125 Kentish Gazette, April 25 1786.
126 Kentish Gazette, February 10 1789.
127 Kent Archives, R/U20/T5, deeds of the Ship.
128 Kent Archives R/U20/T12, deeds of the Ship.
129 Kent Archives R/U774/T581, various deeds.
130 General Evening Post, April 11 1761.
131 Weekly Journal or British Gazetteer, September 12 1724.
132 Kentish Post, March 20 1765.
133 Kentish Post, April 30 1729.
134 Kentish Post, July 11 1733.
135 Kentish Gazette, September 18 1795.
136 Joseph Strutt, The sports and pastimes of the people of England, Methuen and Co., London, 1801.
137 Kentish Post, June 10 1730.
138 Kentish Post, June 27 1730.
139 Kentish Post, September 6 1732.
140 Ogilby, Britannia, or an illustration of the Kingdom of England, London, 1675.
141 Theo Barker, Road, rail and cross-channel ferry, in The Economy of Kent 1640-1914, Alan Armstrong (Ed.), Boydell Press, 1995.
142 2 and 3 Philip and Mary, c8, 1555
143 Elizabeth Melling, Kentish Sources. I. Some roads and bridges, Kent County Council, Maidstone, 1959.
144 Terence Lawson and David Killingray (Eds.), An historical atlas of Kent, Phillimore, 2004.
145 B. H. Hiscock, The road between Dartford and Strood, Archaeologica cantiana, 83, 229-247, 1968.
146 Joan Parkes, Travel in England in the seventeenth century, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1925.
147 M. Exwood and H.L. Lehmann (Eds.), The Journal of William Schellinks’ Travels in England, 1661-1663, London, Royal Historical Society, 1993.
148 Thomas De Laune, The present state of London, 1681.
149 City Mercury, July 4 1692.
150 Kentish Post, March 19 1729.
151 Kentish Post, March 24, 1736.
152 London Gazette, September 18 1701.
153 J. A. Chartres, Road carrying in England in the seventeenth century: myth and reality,
Economic History Review, 30, 73-94, 1977.
154 Paul Hentzner, translated by Horace, late Earl of Oxford, Travels in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, 1797.
155 Samuel Sorbiere, A voyage to England, J. Woodward, London, 1709.
156 William Brenchley-Rye, Visits to Rochester and Chatham made by royal, noble and distinguished personages, Archaeologica cantiana, 6, 43-82, 1866.
157 M. Grosley, translated by Thomas Nugent, A tour to London or new observations on England, Vol 1, London, 1772.
158 1 Henry VII, 22 Aug 1485 - 21 Aug 1486.
159 Frederick Clifford, A History of Private Bill Legislation, Vol 2, Routledge, 1887.
160 Kentish Post, May 7 1729.
161 Arthur Rowe, The origin and decadence of the creek and the brooks at Margate, Margate Public Library, manuscript Y06005.
162 A Description of the Isle of Thanet and particularly of the Town of Margate, Printed for J. Newbery and W. Bristow, London, 1763.
163 Robert Edward Hunter, A Short description of the Isle of Thanet, London, 1796.
164 Kentish Post, December 27 1735.
165 Cranfield, G. A., The development of the provincial newspaper, 1700-1760, Clarendon Press, 1962.
166 National Archives, Court of Chancery, C11/2736/35 Beale vs Jarvis and C11/518/2 Beale vs Turner.
167 Original Weekly Journal, November 22, 1718.
168 Weekly Journal or Saturday’s Post, October 29 1720.
169 Kentish Post, December 3 1729.
170 John Whyman, The significance of the hoy to Margate’s early growth as a seaside resort, Archealogica Cantiana, 111, 17-41, 1993.
171 John Taylor, The carriers cosmographie, Printed by A[nne] G[riffin], London, 1637.
172 A brief director for all those that would send their letters to any parts of England, Scotland or Ireland, 1710.
173 Grub Street Journal, April 15 1731.
Chapter 2 The Pier and the Harbour
1 Patents rolls of the reign of Henry III, 1216-1225, 1225.
2 Calendar of the Patent rolls, Edward III, 1330-1334, December 29 1331.
3 Calendar of the Patent rolls, Edward III, 1367-1370, June 11 1369.
4 Calendar of State Papers, Edward III, 1374-1377, March 11 1377.
5 Calendar of the Patent rolls, Richard II, 1377-1381, February 6 1380.
6 Lucy Toulmin (Ed.), The Itinerary of John Leland in or about the Years 1535-1543, Vol IV, 1964.
7 John Lewis, The History and antiquities ecclesiastical and civil, of the Isle of Tenet, in Kent, 1st ed., London, 1723.
8 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol 3 1619-1623 August 1 1621; National Archives SP 14/122 f. 167.
9 J. H. Andrews, The Thanet Seaports 1650-1750, in Essays in Kentish History, Margaret Roake and John Whyman (Eds.), Frank Cass, London, 1973.
10 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol 3, 1619-1623, September 12 1621.
11 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol 3, 1619-1623, April 2 1622.
12 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol 3, 1619-1623, January 14, 1623.
13 John Lewis, The History and antiquities as well ecclesiastical as civil, of the Isle of Tenet, in Kent, 2nd ed., London, 1736.
14 John Smith, Two petitions. TO THE Honourable House of COMMONS, Now assembled in Parliament: The humble Remonstrance of John Smith, in behalf of the Inhabitants of MARGATE. London, 1646; To the right honourable the Lords and Commons now assembled in Parliament the humble petition of John Smith of Sandwich Draper, in behalfe of himself and the inhabitants of Margate. London, 1647.
15 C. H. Firth and R. S. Rait (Eds.), Acts and ordinances of the Interregnum, 1642-1660, 1911.
16 British Library, Harleian manuscript, 7598.
17 House of Lords Journal, Vol 9, March 26 1647.
18 Sixth report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, Part 1, Calendar of the House of Lords Manuscripts, p 166, March 26 1647.
19 House of Lords Journal, Vol 10, 24 February 1648.
20 House of Commons Journal, Vol 5, 1 March 1648.
21 Calendar of State Papers, Interregnum, Vol 1 1649-1650, June 28 1649.
22 Calendar of State Papers, Interregnum, Vol 1, 1649-1650, July 23 1649.
23 Calendar of State Papers, Interregnum, Vol 1, 1649-1650, July 26 1649; National Archives SP 25/123 f. 44.
24 Calendar of State Papers, Interregnum, Vol 1, 1649-1650, November 22, 1649; National Archives SP 25/123 f. 76.
25 Calendar of State Papers, Interregnum, Vol 1, 1649-1650, November 28, 1649; National Archives SP 25/123 f. 80.
26 Calendar of State Papers, Interregnum, Vol 2, 1650, May 23 1650; National Archives SP 25/64 f. 381.
27 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, 1667-8, January 5 1668; National Archives SP 29/232 f. 44.
28 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, 1667-8, September 28 1671.
29 Kent Archives, R/U45 Item No 62, Pier Accounts 1678 to 1724.
30 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, James II, Vol 3. June 1687- Feb. 1689, January 8 1688.
31 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, William and Mary, July 4 1691; National Archives SP 44/235 f.151.
32 Kent Archives, R/U686/01, Waterhouse Solicitors Collection.
33 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, William and Mary, June 23 1693; National Archives SP 44/236 f.333.
34 National Archives, PC 1/1/153 and PC 1/1/221, Fort petition and reply, 5 August 1702 and 3 November 1702.
35 Kent Archives, U1453/Z50/1, Orders, decrees, and rates, time out of mind used by the Inhabitants of Margate and St John’s MARGATE and St JOHN’s . . . for and towards the perpetual maintenance and preservation of the Pier and Harbour of Margate, 1693-4.
36 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, William and Mary, May 12 1696; Calendar of Treasury Papers, Vol 37, 1696, May 12 1696; National Archives T1/37/64.
37 Kent Archives, R/U696/O3, Bond of Indemnity, Waterhouse Solicitors Collection.
38 Kent Archives, R/U696/04, Case and legal opinions, Waterhouse Solicitors collection.
39 Edward White, List of Deputies and Pier Wardens, Margate Public Library manuscript.
40 Daniel Defoe, The Storm, or A collection of the most remarkable casualties and disasters, 2nd ed., 1704.
41 Daniel Defoe, An historical narrative of the great and tremendous storm which happened on Nov. 26th, 1703, London, 1769.
42 An Act for the Repaire of Dover Harbour, 11 Will. III, c5,1698.
43 An Act for enlarging the term of years granted by an Act passed in the session of Parliament, held in the eleventh and twelfth years of King William the Third, for the repair of Dover Harbour, 2 and 3 Ann, c7, 1703.
44 House of Commons Journal, Vol 18, 28 February 1717.
45 An act for enlarging the term of years granted by the acts of the eleventh and twelfth years of King William the Third, and second and third years of Queen Anne, for the repair of the Dover harbour, 4 Geo. I c3, 1717.
46 House of Commons Journal, December 1 1724.
47 House of Commons Journal, Vol 20, 14 December 1724.
48 Parliamentary Papers, Sixth Parliament of Great Britain, 2nd session, 9 January 1725 – 24 April 1725.
49 An Act to enable the Pier-wardens of the Town of Margate, in the County of Kent, more effectually to recover the ancient and customary Droits, for the Support and Maintenance of the said Pier, 1725.
50 Daily Post, January 4 1737.
51 A description of England and Wales, London, 1769.
52 Dennis Baker, Agricultural process, production and marketing, with special reference to the hop industry: north-east Kent, 1680-1760, Garland Publishing, 1985.
53 William Sutherland, Britain’s Glory or ship-building unvail’d, London, 1717.
54 John Whyman, The significance of the hoy to Margate’s early growth as a seaside resort, Archealogica Cantiana, 111, 17-41, 1993.
55 T. S. Willan, English Coasting Trade 1600-1750, Manchester, 1938.
56 Sir William Monson’s Naval Tracts, p 281, 1703.
57 Calendar of State papers, Letters and papers, foreign and domestic, Henry VIII, 1544, Vol 19, Part I, May 10 1544.
58 J. M. Gibson, The 1566 survey of the Kent Coast, Archealogica Cantiana, 112, 341-353, 1994.
59 Calendar of State papers, Domestic, James I, Vol 3, 1619-1623; National Archives SP 14/140 f. 116.
60 R. K. I. Quested, The Isle of Thanet Farming Community, 2nd ed, 2001.
61 J. Harris, The History of Kent, p 314, 1719.
62 Calendar of Close Rolls, Richard II, Vol 4, 1389-1392, October 24 1391.
63 Calendar of the Patent Rolls, Henry VI, Vol 5, 1446-1452, May 15 1449.
64 Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Elizabeth, Vol 3, 1581-1582, February 19 1581.
65 William Cunningham, The growth of English industry and commerce, Vol 1, Cambridge University Press, 1968.
66 Acts of the Privy Council of England, Vol 12 1580-1581, February 26 1581.
67 Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Elizabeth, January – June 1583 and Addenda, February 17 1582.
68 Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Elizabeth, Vol 21, Part 1, 1586-1588, 21/31 March 1588.
69 Mavis E. Mate, Trade and economic developments 1450-1550: the experience of Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, Boydell Press, 2006.
70 Calendar of State Papers Relating To English Affairs in the Archives of Venice, Vol 6, 1555-1558, October 1 1555.
71 T.S. Willan, Some aspects of English trade with the Levant in the sixteenth century, The English Historical Review, 70, 399-410, 1955.
72 Fernand Braudel, The Mediterranean and the Mediterannian world in the age of Phillip II, Vol 1, University of California Press, 1995.
73 Acts of the Privy Council of England, Vol 14, 1586-1587, March 20 1587.
74 Acts of the Privy Council of England, Vol 44 1628-1629, July 10 1628.
75 John Taylor, The carriers cosmographie, Printed by A[nne] G[riffin], London, 1637.
76 A brief director for all those that would send their letters to any parts of England, Scotland or Ireland, 1710.
77 Grub Street Journal, April 15 1731.
78 Kent Archives, R/U45 Item No 14, Pier Accounts 1732 to 1749.
79 J. Whyman, Aspects of holidaymaking and resort development within the Isle of Thanet, with particular reference to Margate, circa 1736 to circa 1840, Arno Press, New York, 1981.
80 William Camden, Britain, or, a Chorographicall Description of the most flourishing Kingdomes, England, Scotland, and Ireland Brittania, 1st ed., translated by Philemon Holland, London, 1610.
81 London Gazette, September 13 1737.
82 London Gazette, October 1 1737.
83 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 13, 1672, July 24 1672.
84 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 31, 1717, January 3 1717.
85 Samuel Baldwin, A survey of the British Customs, London 1770.
86 Journal of the House of Lords, Vol 21, 1718-21, 6 Geo 1 c. 14.
87 House of Lords Record Office, Main Papers, 1720/578.
88 Journal of the House of Lords, Vol 21, 1718-21.
89 Mr Senex, A new general atlas containing a geographical and historical account of all the empires, kingdoms, and other dominions of the world, 1721.
90 James Joel Cartwright (Ed.), The travels through England of Dr Richard Pococke, Cambden Society, Vol 2, p 86, 1889.
91 William Crowne, A true relation of all the remarkable places and passages observed in the travels of the right honourable Thomas Lord Hovvard, Earle of Arundell and Surrey, Primer Earle, and Earle Marshall of England, ambassadour extraordinary to his sacred Majesty Ferdinando the second, emperour of Germanie, anno Domini 1636, London, 1637.
92 Seventh report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, p 204a, 1879.
93 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, William and Mary, October 20 1691.
94 Post Man and the Historical Account, April 20 1697.
95 J. P. Barrett, A History of the Ville of Birchington, Margate, 2nd ed.
96 E. S. de Beer (Ed.), The Diary of John Evelyn, Vol V, p 273, Oxford University Press, 1955.
97 The London Gazette, 18 July 1698.
98 The London Gazette, 1 June 1699.
99 The Calendar of State Papers,Domestic, William III, January 1699-March 1700, p. 217, 1937. 100 Cobbetts Parliamentary History of England, Vol 5, p 1323, 1701.
101 The life of William III late King of England and Prince of Orange, London, 1703.
102 Calendar of Treasury Papers, Vol 2, 1697-1702; National Archives T76/58.
103 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, William and Mary, Vol 11, 1700-1702, November 4 1701.
104 http://catchlove-research.org/page33.html.
105 The case of Thomas Blunt, John Searing, Charles Sewell, Thomas Holland, Thomas Storey, Cornelius Rose, and the rest of the eight hundred licensed Hackney Coachmen, London, 1716.
106 Original Weekly Journal, November 22 1718.
107 London Daily Post and General Advertiser, December 4 1736.
108 The Annals of Europe for the year 1740, George Hawkins, London,1742.
109 Universal Spectator and Weekly Journal, September 13, 1729.
110 Daily Post, September 15 1729.
111 Daily Post, September 16 1729.
112 Edward White, List of Deputies and Pier Wardens, Margate Library manuscript.
113 Daily Post, September 13 1729.
114 British Journal or The Censor, October 4 1729.
115 Universal Spectator and Weekly Journal, September 13 1729.
116 London Magazine, p 394, September 1745.
117 Notes and Queries, 6th series, Vol 3, p. 227, March 19 1881.
118 National Archives, Court of Chancery C 11/2754/19 and C 11/9/29, Spooner v Glover.
119 Supplement, May 4 1709.
Chapter 3 The People of Margate
1 William Harrison, The description of England, George Edelen (Ed.), Cornell University Press, 1968.
2 R. K. I. Quested, The Isle of Thanet Farming Community, 2nd ed., 2001.
3 J. Harris, A history of Kent, 1719.
4 John Lewis, The History and antiquities ecclesiastical and civil, of the Isle of Tenet, in Kent, 1st ed., London, 1723.
5 Charles Cotton, The Church of St John the Baptist, Margate, Archaeologica cantiana, 25, 64-74, 1902.
6 W. Benham, A study of an old parish register, Macmillan’s magazine, 43, 190-200, Nov 1880-April 1881.
7 London Daily Post and General Advertiser, September 17 1743.
8 London Daily Post and General Advertiser, September 30 1743.
9 Kent Archives, R/U696/T5, Deeds of Pier Green.
10 St Johns the Baptist, Margate, Parish Registers, Kent Family History Society, CD27.
11 http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bobwolfe/gen/person/p20344.htm.
12 National Archives, Will of Roger Laming, Gentleman of Saint John Isle of Thanet, Kent, 6 October 1743, PROB 11/729.
13 Kent Archives, R/U20/T5, Deeds of the Ship.
14 Arthur Rowe, Accounts of the Poor House 1716 to 1733, Margate Public Library, manuscript, Y060.755.
15 National Archives, C 11/2754/19 and C 11/9/29, Courts of Chancery Glover case, 1716.
16 Kentish Post, December 3 1729.
17 Stephen Pritchard, The history of Deal and its neighbourhood, Deal, 1864.
18 Arthur Rowe, Accounts of the Poor House 1666 to 1716, Margate Public Library, manuscript, Y060.755.
19 Edward White, List of Deputies and Pier Wardens, Margate Public Library manuscripts.
20 Canterbury Cathedral Archives, PRC/17/101/420, will of Richard Sackett.
21 Kent Archives, R/U45 Item No 14, Pier Accounts 1732 to 1749.
22 William Camden, Britain, or, a Chorographicall Description of the most flourishing Kingdomes, England, Scotland, and Ireland Brittania, 1st ed., translated by Philemon Holland, London, 1610.
23 Calendar of the Patent Rolls, Henry VI, Vol 4, 1441-1446, April 15 1442.
24 Irene Josephine Churchill (Ed.), East Kent Records, Kent Archaeological Society, Vol 7, pps 47, 48, 1922.
25 Dennis Baker, Agricultural process, production and marketing, with special reference to the hop industry: north-east Kent, 1680-1760, Garland Publishing, 1985.
26 J. Whyman, Aspects of holidaymaking and resort development within the Isle of Thanet, with particular reference to Margate, circa 1736 to circa 1840, Arno Press, New York, 1981.
27 E. S. de Beer (Ed.), The Diary of John Evelyn, Vol III, Oxford, 1955.
28 Edward White, Miscellaneous extracts relating to the Isle of Thanet, Margate Public Library, manuscript.
29 Alan Everitt, The marketing of agricultural produce, in Joan Thirsk (Ed.), The Agrarian History of England and Wales, Cambridge University Press, Vol 4, 1967.
30 Daniel Defoe, The complete English tradesman. In familiar letters: Directing him in the several parts and progressions of trade, 2nd ed., London,1732.
31 John Taylor, The honorable, and memorable foundations, erections, raisings, and ruines, of divers cities, townes, castles, and other pieces of antiquitie, within ten shires and counties of this kingdome namely, Kent, Sussex, Hampshire, Surrey, Barkshire, Essex, Middlesex, Hartfordshire, Buckinghamshire, and Oxfordshire: with the description of many famous accidents that have happened, in divers places in the said counties. Also, a relation of the wine tavernes either by their signes, or names of the persons that allow, or keepe them, in, and throughout the said severall shires, Printed for Henry Gosson, London, 1636.
32 Robert Herrick, A Hymne to the Lares, 1646.
33 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 6, 1666-1667, December 3 1666.
34 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 8, 1667-1668, March 12 1668.
35 Samuel Pepys, Diary, London, 1949; www.pepysdiary.com.
36 Henry Teonge, The Diary of Henry Teonge, Chaplain on Board H.M.’s Ships Assistance, Bristol, and Royal Oak, 1675-1679, p 238, Charles Knight, London, 1825.
37 Canterbury Cathedral Archives, PRC/17/77/49b, will of John Prince.
38 Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1st ed., 1773.
39 Kentish Post, March 1 1755.
40 Public Advertiser, September 1 1766.
41 Kentish Post, July 19 1755.
42 Z. Cozens, A Tour through the Isle of Thanet, J. Nichols, London, 1793.
43 John Lewis, The History and antiquities as well ecclesiastical as civil, of the Isle of Tenet, in Kent, 2nd ed., London, 1736.
44 Arthur Rowe, Notes on the History of Margate, Margate Public Library, manuscript.
45 Edward Hasted, History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent, Vol 10, 1800.
46 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol 2, 1611-1618, June 1616.
47 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol 2, 1611-1618, April 13 1617; National Archives SP 14/91 f.47
48 Daily Journal, May 20 1723.
49 D. R. J. Perkins, Jutish glass production in Kent, Archaeologica cantiana, 120, 297-310, 2000.
50 Kent Archives, U1453/T1, Deeds King Street.
51 The Margate Guide, 1770.
52 Samantha Williams Shaw, Poverty, gender and life-cycle under the English poor law, 1760-1834, London, 2013.
53 Canterbury Cathedral Archives, U3/140/11/2, Parish of St John’s Overseers Rates, 1716-1726.
54 Samantha Williams, Poverty, gender and life-cycle under the English poor law 1760-1834, Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2011.
55 A general valuation of the lands and tenements in the parish of St John, the Baptist, 1801, Margate, 1802, Margate Public Library Local Collection.
56 Edward Graham, The Harrow life of Henry Montagu Butler, Longmans, Green, 1920.
57 Notes and Queries, 69, p 311, 1905.
58 Kentish Post, November 23 1726.
59 Ian Mortimer, A directory of medical personnel qualified and practicing in the Diocese of Canterbury, circa 1560-1730, Kent Archaeological Society, www.kentarchaelogical.ac./authors/021.pdf.
60 R.S. Roberts, The personnel and practice of medicine in Tudor and Stuart England: Part 1: the provinces, Medical History 6, 363-382, 1962.
61 Ian Mortimer, A directory of medical personnel qualified and practising in the diocese of Canterbury, c. 1560-1730, Archaeologia Cantiana, 126, 135-169, 2006.
62 Ian Mortimer, Diocesan licensing and medical practitioners in South-West England, 1660-1780, Medical History, 48, 49-68, 2004.
63 Arthur Hussey, Visitations of the Archdeacon of Canterbury: St John’s in Thanet (Margate), Archaeologia Cantiana, 26, 17-50, 1904.
64 Ian Mortimer, The Triumph of the Doctors, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 6th series, 15, 97-116, 2005.
65 Peter Fraser, The intelligence of the Secretaries of State and their monopoly of licensed news 1660-1688, Cambridge University Press, 1956.
66 John Churchill, (Ed.), A collection of Voyages and Travels, Vol 6, London, 1745.
67 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 6, August 1666 – March 1667, October 1666.
68 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 6, August 1666 – March 1667, December 13 1666.
69 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 7, April – October 1667, May 17 1667.
70 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 7, April – October 1667, July 19 1667.
71 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 8, November 1667 – September 1668, December 28 1667.
72 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 9, October 1668 – December 1669, November 11 1668.
73 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 12, December 1671 – May 1672, March 18 1672.
74 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 12, December 1671 – May 1672, March 20 1672.
75 Kentish Post, August 23, 1732.
76 National Archives Court of Chancery, C11/2736/35 Beale vs Jarvis and C11/518/2 Beale vs Turner.
77 Kentish Post, April 3 1731.
78 John Lawson, Mediaeval Education and the Reformation, Routledge 2007.
79 www.dbtheclergydatabase.org.uk.
80 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 8, November 1667 – September 1668,May 13 1672.
81 John Lyon, Short description of the Isle of Thanet, and particularly of the town of Margate,1763.
82 William Boyne, Trade tokens issued in the seventeenth century, London, 1889.
83 Arthur Rowe, The streets of Margate in 1800, Vols 1 and 2, Margate Public Library, manuscript Y060.182.
84 www.margatelocalhistory.co.uk; Rule by the Margate Local Board of Health: 2 Margate in the Middle of the Nineteenth Century.
85 R. Campbell, The London Tradesman: Being a Compendious View of All the Trades, London, 1747.
86 William Bohun, Privilegia Londini: Or, The Rights, Liberties, Privileges, Laws, and Customs of the City of London, London, 1723.
87 Canterbury Cathedral Archives, PRC/3/36a/186 and PRC/17/71/354b.
88 Mick Twyman and Alf Beeching, The Old Tudor House at Margate, Margate Historical Society, 2006.
89 Hoh-cheung Mui and Lorna H. Mui, Shops and shopkeeping in eighteenth century England, Routledge, London, 1989.
90 Daily Post, May 4 1736.
91 Kentish Post, March 3 1736.
92 Kentish Post, March 17 1736.
93 Kentish Post, April 14 1736.
94 Fog's Weekly Journal, September 11 1731.
95 Kentish Post, May 9 1739.
96 Kent Archives, R/U45/No 62, Margate Pier Accounts 1678 to 1724.
Chapter 4 The Poor and the Poor Law in Margate
1 W. E. Tate, The Parish Chest, Cambridge University Press, 3rd ed., 1969.
2 An act for the punishment of vagabonds, and for the relief of the poor and impotent, 14 Elizabeth I, c5, 1572.
3 Steve Hindle, On the Parish, Oxford University Press, 2004.
4 An act for the relief of the poor, 39 Eliz I, c3, 1597.
5 An act for the relief of the poor, 43 Eliz I, c2, 1601.
6 James Shaw, The Parochial Lawyer or churchwarden and overseer’s guide and assistant, 2nd ed., Sherwood, Gilbert and Piper, London, 1829.
7 Thomas Ruggles, The History of the Poor: Their rights, duties and the laws respecting them: In a series of letters, London, W. Richardson, 1797.
8 Susannah R. Ottaway, The Decline of Life: Old age in eighteenth-century England, Cambridge University Press, 2007.
9 Steven King, Poverty and welfare in England 1700-1850, Manchester University Press 2000.
10 R. Burn, The History of the Poor Laws, London, 1764.
11 An act for the better relief of the poor of this kingdom, 14 Cha II, c12, 1662.
12 Paul Slack, The English poor laws, 1531-1782, Cambridge University Press, 1995.
13 Gregory Clark, Farm wages and living standards in the industrial revolution, Economic History Review, 54, 477-505, 2001.
14 An act for the amendment and better administration of the laws relating to the poor in England and Wales, 4 and 5 Will IV, c76, 1834.
15 Roy Porter, English Society in the 18th century, Penguin Books, 1991.
16 R. K. I. Quested, The Isle of Thanet Farming Community, 2nd ed., 2001.
17 John Lewis, The history and antiquities ecclesiastical and civil, of the Isle of Tenet, in Kent, 1st ed., London, 1723.
18 A Description of the Isle of Thanet and particularly of the Town of Margate, Printed for J. Newbery and W. Bristow, London, 1763.
19 William Temple, Vindication of Commerce, 1739.
20 Arthur Young, The Farmer’s Tour Through the East of England, 1771.
21 Canterbury Cathedral Archives, PRC17/63/299, will of George Collmer.
22 National Archives, PROB 11/729, will of Roger Laming, 6 October 1743.
23 Arthur Hussey, Visitations of the Archdeacon of Canterbury: St John’s in Thanet (Margate), Archaeologia Cantiana, 26, 17-50, 1904.
24 Parliamentary papers, Commission of Inquiry into Charities in England and Wales: Thirtieth Report, 1837.
25 John Lewis, The History and antiquities as well ecclesiastical as civil, of the Isle of Tenet, in Kent, 2nd ed., London, 1736.
26 Arthur Rowe, Accounts of the Poor House 1666 to 1716, Margate Public Library, manuscript, Y060.755.
27 Arthur Rowe, Accounts of the Poor House 1716 to 1738, Margate Public Library, manuscript, Y060.755
28 Canterbury Cathedral Archives, U3/140/11/1, St John’s Parish Churchwardens accounts 1678-1716.
29 Canterbury Cathedral Archives, U3/140/11/2, St John’s Parish Churchwardens accounts 1716-1726.
30 An Act for supplying some Defects in the Laws for the Relief of the Poor of this Kingdome, 8 and 9 William III, c30, 1696-7.
31 An act to amend so much of the 8 & 9 William III as requires poor persons receiving alms, to wear badges, 50 Geo III, c52, 1810
32 Thanet Guardian, January 28 1882.
33 J. Hall, A Map of the Isle of Thanet, Margate, 1stt ed., 1777.
34 John Pridden, Collection for the History of the Isle of Thanet, Kent Archives, EK/U203/1.
35 Arthur Rowe, Notes on William Rowe’s Church Book, Margate Public Library, manuscript.
36 Kent Archives, R/U45 Item No 62, Pier Accounts 1678 to 1724.
37 Dane Court, St Peter’s in Thanet, Peter J. Hills, 1972
38 Edward White, List of Deputies and Pier Wardens, Margate Public Library, manuscripts.
39 Kent Archives, U1453/T2C, Cobb Brewery Yard Deeds.
40 Kent Archives, U1453/T2B, Cobb Brewery Yard Deeds.
41 An Act for amending the laws relating to the settlement, imployment, and relief of the poor, Geo II, c7, 1722.
42 Parliamentary Papers, Abstract of the returns made by the overseers of the poor, in pursuance of an act, passed in the twenty-sixth year of his present Majesty’s reign, intituled, “An act for obliging overseers of the poor to make returns upon oath, to certain questions specified therein, relative to the state of the poor”, 1777.
43 St John’s Parish Register, Baptisms, Marriages & Burials 1679-1729, transcription by Barry J. White, http://www.shelwin.com/e/Thanet_Research/pr_marg_x1.pdf.
44 An Act made and ordained to destroy choughs, crows and rooks, 24 Hen 8, c10, 1532.
45 An Act for the preservation of grain, 8 Eliz I, c15, 1566.
46 Canterbury Cathedral Archives, U3/140/5/1, St John’s Parish Churchwardens accounts 1639-1716.
47 Canterbury Cathedral Archives, U3/140/11/4, St John’s Parish Churchwardens accounts 1739-1758.
48 An Act for Burying in Woollen only, 18 & 19 Cha II, c4, 1666, and 30 Cha II, c3, 1678.
49 An Act for granting his Majesty certain rates and duties upon marriages, births, and buriels and upon bachelors and widowers, for the term of five years, for carrying on the war against France with vigour, 6 & 7 William & Mary, c6, 1695.
50 Kent Herald, November 11 1847.
Chapter 5 Managing Margate
1 Norman Landau, The Justices of the Peace, 1679-1760, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1984.
2 Bryan Keith-Lucas, The Unreformed Local Government System, 1980.
3 Parliamentary Papers, First report of the commissioners appointed to inquire into the municipal corporations in England and Wales, 1835
4 K. M. E. Murray, The constitutional history of the Cinque Ports, Manchester University Press 1935.
5 Montagu Burrows, The Cinque Ports, Longmans, Green and Co., London, 1892.
6 Samuel Jeake, Charters of the Cinque Ports, Two ancient towns and their members, London, 1728.
7 Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas, A History of the Royal Navy, Vol 1, London, 1847.
8 John Harris, The History of Kent, 1719.
9 John Boys, A general view of the agriculture of the county of Kent, 1794.
10 National Archives, SC 8/172/8577, Petition to the King.
11 S. P. H. Statham, Dover Charters and Other Documents in the Possession of the Corporation of Dover, London, 1902.
12 Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII. Vol 4, Part 3, 1529-30; British Library, Egerton MS. 2,092, f. 303, 1530.
13 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, 1667-8, February 26 1682.
14 John Lewis, The History and antiquities ecclesiastical and civil, of the Isle of Tenet, in Kent, 1st ed., London, 1723.
15 Stephen Dowell, History of taxes and taxation in England, Vol 3, pp 93-102, Longmans, Green and Co., London, 1884.
16 John Lyon, The History of the Town and Port of Dover, Dover, 1813.
17 William Batcheller, A new history of Dover, 1828.
18 T. A. Critchley, A history of police in England and Wales 900-1966, Constable, London, 1967.
19 Joan Kent, The English village constable 1580-1642, Oxford, 1986.
20 The bloody husband and cruell neighbour, or, a true history of two murthers lately committed in Laurence Parish, in the Isle of Thanet, London, 1653.
21 D. Hay and F. Snyder, F., Policing and Prosecution in England 1750-1850, Oxford University Press, 1989.
22 J. M. Beattie, Crime and the Courts in England 1600-1800, Princeton University Press, 1986.
23 The Times, December 5 1785.
24 S. P. H. Stratham, The history of the town and port of Dover, Longmans, Green and Co., London, 1899.
25 Kentish Post, April 18 1733.
26 Kentish Post, May 16 1733.
27 Arthur Rowe, Accounts of the Poor House 1666 to 1716, Margate Public Library, manuscript, Y060.755.
28 Arthur Rowe, Accounts of the Poor House 1716 to 1738, Margate Public Library, manuscript, Y060.755.
29 Alfred T. Walker, The Ville of Birchington, Ramsgate, 3rd ed., 1991.
30 The New Margate and Ramsgate Guide in letters to a friend, Letter IX, ca 1789.
31 Kentish Post, July 16 1729.
32 Calendar of the Patent Rolls, Edward I, 1292-1301, June 7 1298.
33 Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward III, 1343-1346, June 4, 12 1345.
34 Acts of the Privy Council of England, Vol 11 1578-1580, July 26 1579.
35 Acts of the Privy Council of England, Vol 11 1578-1580, November 1579.
36 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Elizabeth, 1601-1603 with addenda 1547-1565, August 10 1602.
37 James Neild, An account of the rise, progress, and present state of the Society for the discharge and relief of persons imprisoned for small debts throughout England and Wales . . . , John Nichols and Son, London, 3rd ed., 1808.
38 Calendar of Treasury books and papers, 1735-1738, March 30 1738.
39 Susan Wright, (Ed.), Parish Church and People, Hutchinson, London, 1988.
40 John Lewis, The History and antiquities as well ecclesiastical as civil, of the Isle of Tenet, in Kent, 2nd ed., London, 1736.
41 Calendar of the Patent Rolls, Philip and Mary, Vol 1, 1553-1554, November 6 1553.
42 Arthur Hussey, Visitations of the Archdeacon of Canterbury: St John’s and St.Peter’s in Thanet, Archaeologia Cantiana, 26, 17-50, 1904.
43 Peter Marshall, Mother Leakey and the Bishop, Oxford University Press, 2007.
44 Charles Cotton, The Church of St John the Baptist, Margate, Archaeologica cantiana, 25, 64-74, 1902.
45 John Lawson, Mediaeval education and the Reformation, Routledge, 2007.
46 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, 1667-8, February 12 1675.
47 W. Benham, A study of an old parish register, Macmillan’s magazine, 43, 190-200, Nov 1880-April 1881.
48 Thomas Staveley, The history of Churches in England, London, 1773.
49 St John’s Parish Register, Marriages 1679-1729, transcription by Barry J. White, http://www.shelwin.com/e/Thanet_Research/pr_marg_x1.pdf.
50 Calendar of state papers, Domestic, Interregnum, 1651, August 27 1651.
51 Stephen Palmer, The nonconformists’s memorial; being an account of the ministers who were ejected or silenced after the restoration, particularly by the Act of Uniformity, Vol 2, London, 1775.
52 John Frederick Archibold and James Paterson, Archibold’s parish officer and Shaw’s parish law, Shaw and Son, 4th ed., 1864.
53 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, 1664-5, February 5 1665.
54 Edward Hasted, The history and topographical survey of the county of Kent, Vol 10, 1800.
55 John Shirley, John Lewis of Margate, Archaeologia Cantiana, 64, 39-56, 1951.
56 Arthur J. Willis, Church Life in Kent, being church court records of the Canterbury diocese, 1559-1565, Phillimore, London, 1975.
57 Joseph Strutt, The sports and pastimes of the people of England, Methuen and Co., London, 1801.
58 Marjorie Keniston McIntosh, Controlling Misbehaviour in England, 1370-1600, Cambridge University Press, 1998.
59 Letters of Momus from Margate, 1777.
60 St. James’s Chronicle or the British Evening Post, September 27 1777.
61 Morning Herald and Daily Advertiser, September 25 1784.
62 Robin Craig and John Whyman, Kent and the Sea, in Alan Armstrong, (Ed.), The Economy of Kent 1640-1914, Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 1995.
63 Roy Philp, The Coast Blockade, Compton Press, 1999.
64 Norman Scott Brien Gras, The early English customs system, Oxford University Press, 1918.
65 Elizabeth Evelynola Hoon, The organization of the English Customs system 1696-1786, David and Charles, 1968.
66 Roger Knight, Britain against Napoleon, Allen Lane, 2013.
67 Calendar of the Patent rolls, Edward II, 1324-1327, January 3 1327
68 Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward III, 1343-1346, October 13 1345.
69 Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward III, 1354-1360, November 6, 1354.
70 Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward III, 1354-1360, November 20, 1358.
71 Historical Manuscripts Commission, Thirteenth Report, Appendix, Part IV, The Manuscripts of Rye and Hereford Corporations, February 9 1606.
72 Historical Manuscripts Commission, Thirteenth Report, Appendix, Part IV, The Manuscripts of Rye and Hereford Corporations, May 23 1606.
73 B. J. Cigrand, History of the Crispe family, Chicago, 1901.
74 Historical Manuscripts Commission, Thirteenth Report, Appendix, Part IV, The Manuscripts of Rye and Hereford Corporations, February 5, 1636.
75 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, William III, Vol 6, 1695, December 16 1695.
76 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, William III, Vol 7, 1696, October 17 1696.
77 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, William III, Vol 8, 1697, March 4 1697.
78 William Cambell, (Ed.), Materials for a history of the region of Henry VII, Vol 1, Cambridge University Press, 1873.
79 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Interregnum, Vol 13, 1659-60, January 28 1660.
80 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 3, 1669-1672, Entry Book, January 9 1672.
81 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 4, 1672-1675, Entry Book, January 13 1675.
82 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 5, 1676-1679, Entry Book, June 15 1676.
83 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 7, 1681-1685, Entry Book, April 10 1682
84 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 7, 1681-1685, Entry Book, December 22 1683, January 10 1684.
85 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 8, 1685-1689, Entry Book, March 31, May 30 1685.
86 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 8, 1685-1689, Entry Book, August 4 1687.
87 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 8, 1685-1689, Entry Book, October 22 1687.
88 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 9, 1689-1692, Entry Book, April 9 1690.
89 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 28, Warrant Books, Sandwich Port, January 28 1714.
90 National Archives, C11/9/29, Spooner v Glover.
91 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 32, 1718, March 10 1718.
92 Calendar of Treasury Books and Papers, Vol 1, 1729-1730, March 5 1729.
93 Rachel Weil, A plague of informers, Yale University Press, 2013.
94 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, William and Mary, 1690-1691, October 7 1691; National Archives T1/15/46.
95 Historical Manuscripts Commission, Vol 71, Report on the manuscripts of the late Allan George Finch, Vol III, 1691, May 7, 14, 27 1691.
96 Calendar of Treasury Papers, Vol 8, 1675-1689, November 20 1685.
97 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 9, 1689-1692, April 6 1690.
98 Historical Manuscripts Commission, Vol 71, Report on the manuscripts of the late Allan George Finch, Vol III, 1691, June 3 1691.
99 Historical Manuscripts Commission, Vol 71, Report on the manuscripts of the late Allan George Finch, Vol III, 1691, July 4, 11 1691.
100 Historical Manuscripts Commission, Vol 71, Report on the manuscripts of the late Allan George Finch, Vol III, 1691, July 17 1691.
101 Historical Manuscripts Commission, Vol 71, Report on the manuscripts of the late Allan George Finch, Vol III, 1691, July 25 1691.
102 Calendar of Treasury papers, Vol 1 1556-1696, October 5 1691; National Archives T1/15/41.
103 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 9, 1689-1692, Out Letters, October 23 1691.
104 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, William and Mary, June 6 1698.
105 Calendar of Treasury Papers, Vol 54, 1698, June 12 1698; National Archives T54/51.
106 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 9, 1689-1692, April 6 1690.
107 National Archives ADM 106/487/315, Complaint of Mr Child 1696.
108 Calendar of Treasury Papers, Vol 2, 1697-1702, October 30 1697.
109 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, William III, Vol 8, 1697, March 4 1697.
110 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 11, 1660-1667, January 30 1697.
111 Journal of the House of Commons, Vol 12, 1697-1699, April 16 1698.
112 British Journal, December 19 1724.
113 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 8, 1685-1689, Entry Book, March 13 1688.
114 Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol 8, 1685-1689. Entry Book, April 7 1686.
115 London Journal, April 27 1723.
116 The Kentish Post, October 19 1726.
117 The Kentish Post, August 2 1729.
118 Old England’s Journal, March 10 1753.
119 J. H. Andrews, The Thanet Seaports 1650-1750, in Essays in Kentish History, Margaret Roake and John Whyman (Eds.), Frank Cass, London, 1973.
120 Calendar of Treasury Books and Papers, 1731-1734, January 12 1732; National Archives T1/278.
121 Calendar of Treasury Books and Papers, 1731-1734, March 20 1731.
122 Calendar of Treasury Books and Papers, 1731-1734, September 16 1732; National Archives T1/279.
123 Calendar of Treasury Books and Papers, 1729-1745, August 16 1733.
124 J. D. Hume, The Law of the Customs, 1825.
125 Kent Archives, R/U45 Item No 14, Pier Accounts 1732 to 1749.
126 National Archives, CUST 51/25, Customs Books, Letters from Sandwich 1743-1750, January 11 1744.
127 National Archives, CUST 51/25, Customs Books, Letters from Sandwich 1743-1750, January 6 1749.
128 National Archives, CUST 51/25, Customs Books, Letters from Sandwich 1743-1750, December 24, 1743.>
129 National Archives, CUST 51/25, Customs Books, Letters from Sandwich 1743-1750, January 6 1749.
130 Calendar of Treasury Papers, Vol 48, October 1 1697-November 12 1697, November 9 1697.
131 National Archives, CUST 148/13, Papers of John Collier, Surveyor General of Riding Officers in Kent, 1734-1741 and 1743.
132 National Archives, CUST 51/25, Customs Books, Letters from Sandwich 1743-1750, October 4 1744.>
133 National Archives, CUST 51/25, Customs Books, Letters from Sandwich 1743-1750, July 3 1745.
134 United Service Journal, Coast Blockade Service, Part 3, pp 26-35, 194-203, and 477-490, 1839.
135 National Archives, CUST 51/25, Customs Books, Letters from Sandwich 1743-1750, December 29 1743.
136 National Archives, CUST 51/25, Customs Books, Letters from Sandwich 1743-1750, April 9 1745.
137 National Archives, CUST 51/25, Customs Books, Letters from Sandwich 1743-1750, April 4 1747
138 National Archives, CUST 51/25, Customs Books, Letters from Sandwich 1743-1750, June 14 1748.
Chapter 6 Riots and Wars
1 Alastair Dunn, The Great Rising of 1381: the Peasant’s Revolt and England’s failed revolution, Tempus, Stroud, 2002.
2 Juliet Barker, England, arise: the people, the King and the Great Revolt of 1381, Little, Brown, 2014.
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110 Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward II, 1313-1318, November 2 1315.
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116 Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward II, 1315-1318, November 15 1317.
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132 Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward III, 1339-1341, February 3, April 28 1340.
133 Calendar of State Papers, Spain, Vol 10, 1550-1552, January 21 1551, January 14 1552.
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150 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 5, October 1665-July 1666, July 1 1666.
151 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 5, October 1665-July 1666, July 10 1666.
152 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 5, October 1665-July 1666, July 27 1666.
153 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 5, October 1665-July 1666, August 31 1666.
154 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 6, August 1666-March 1667, August 29 1666.
155 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 7, April-Oct 1667, April 8 1667.
156 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 7, April-Oct 1667, May 17 1667.
157 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 7, April-Oct 1667, May 21 1667.
158 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 7, April-Oct 1667, May 31 1667.
159 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 7, April 1667-October 1667, June 25 1667.
160 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 7, April 1667-October 1667, July 5 1667.
161 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 7, April-Oct 1667, September 3 1667.
162 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 7, April-Oct 1667, September 3 1667.
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164 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 12, Dec 1671-May 1672, May 13 1672.
165 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 12, Dec 1671-May 1672, May 14 1672.
166 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 12, Dec 1671-May 1672, May 16 1672.
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171 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles II, Vol 12, Dec 1671-May 1672, March 18 1672,
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174 Calendar of Treasury Papers, Vol 1, June 28 1693.
175 Calendar of Treasury Papers, Vol 1, September 8 1693.
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180 National Archives, HCA 1/38/18, Examination of Pirates.